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It is the archipelago’s largest herbivore and is adapted to the ecosystem. view more. Reindeer Populations in Svalbard Increasing After Centuries of Too Much Hunting - On the verge of near extinction from centuries of hunting, reindeer populations in the high-Arctic Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard have show a remarkable recovery, demonstrating a perfect example of how protecting a species enables their population to recover from past over-exploitation. Reindeer walk across fjord ice and glaciers to move around. Although it recovered after becoming a protected species in 1925, questions remain regarding the population’s robustness and ability to adapt to a completely new climate regime and an altered Arctic tundra landscape. The Svalbard reindeer lives in a natural environment where predation is virtually non-existent and only limited hunting takes place in Nordenskiöld Land. During this time, strong bulls will defend a harem of up to ten cows. Those few reindeer were important, however, because they provided the animals that could slowly recolonize Svalbard after the Norwegian government extended full protection to the animals in 1925. Reindeer have been protected in Svalbard since 1925, but limited hunting has been introduced for locals in 1983 in designated areas in Nordenskiöld Land. As improbable as it seems, given the great distances from Svalbard to anywhere else, reindeer have lived here for thousands of years. Males: Weight 65 kg in spring, 90 kg in autumn. Wishful thinking suggests that this is Polar bear fur, but the distinction is easy: Reindeer fur is much coarser, but breaks easily, whereas the finer Polar bear hairs are much thinner and stronger. Snow mobiles can pose serious strain on reindeer during the most difficult season, when they need to save energy. Few reindeer die during the rich summer season. "Bearing in mind that it took approximately a century for the subspecies to recover from overharvesting, the reindeer responses may be too slow to track the speed of future climate change," the researchers wrote. Svalbard reindeer are unlike their southern cousins in that they tend to be docile and extremely sedentary, making them easy targets. But its protection in 1925, including a ban on hunting, has helped the reindeer population bounce back, previous estimates suggest. Because this reindeer does not have a nomadic lifestyle like most of its mainland forms, it has gradually developed shorter legs. The Svalbard reindeer only exists in Svalbard (endemic). Herds of more than 20 animals are exceptional. Hunting pressures exploded with an influx of miners and trappers in the late 1800s, when coal was first discovered on Svalbard. "Changes in reindeer abundance therefore have important top-down and bottom-up effects on the ecosystem," Le Moullec and her co-authors wrote. Reference: A century of conservation: The ongoing recovery of Svalbard reindeer. The big problems for Svalbard reindeer likely began after the Dutchman Willem Barents reported the existence of the archipelago in 1596. For hunting Svalbard reindeer and seals, only rifles and hunting ammunition with expanding projectiles shall be used. "Reindeer have recolonized their ancient grazing areas, based on the information we have from the antlers and bones," she said. offers eligible public information officers paid access to a reliable news release distribution service. Overwintering sailing expeditions also relied on reindeer for food. But its protection in 1925, including a ban on hunting, has helped the reindeer population bounce back, previous estimates suggest. In recent years research activities and travel to Svalbard and tourism … Although it recovered after becoming a protected species in 1925, questions remain regarding the population’s robustness and ability to adapt to a completely new climate regime and an altered Arctic tundra landscape. Within these areas, they do not show a very pronounced seasonal migration pattern, as winter and summer feeding grounds are within the same regions. Hunting is also a significant part of the economy, as seal, reindeer, and fox are quite plentiful. Only the male has antlers in most ungulates. The an­nual rein­deer hunt­ing sea­son was opened Au­gust 15. The Svalbard reindeer is one of at least 7 subspecies of reindeer. They're also interested in how their knowledge of reindeer recovery over time can help them evaluate how global warming will affect future populations of reindeer. Now, almost one hundred years later, Le Moullec's research can tell us how well that protection worked. For the past three years, Hermann Ritter had lived as a fur-trapper in Svalbard, a group of Norwegian islands that, in all regards, lie a great deal closer to the North Pole than to the couple’s comfortable home in Vienna.Christiane's voyage to him would take several weeks, but at the end was the prospect of a homely cabin, and days spent reading, writing and painting, snug and safe by the fire. During the summer, they spend most of the time feeding to accumulate a thick layer of fat, which is their main energy source for the winter when food availability is low. Svalbard reindeer: cow and calf. The hunting season is in September and it is assumed that hunting does not affect the population. In contrast to Scandinavia where semi-wild reindeer stay together in large herds, you will see either single animals or small groups in Svalbard. The Svalbard reindeer is a small subspecies of Rangifer tarandus. Currently, the researchers are seeing that reindeer populations inland are thriving more than their coastal brethren, because coastal areas are rainier and warmer during the winter, and more likely to experience rain-on-snow events. Skip to ... we'd lose the polar bears, which rely on the ice for hunting, resting, travelling and breeding. It is a unique, relatively small subspecies. If there are more foxes, they may eat the eggs and young of ground-nesting birds, like geese, which come to Svalbard to raise their young. For ammunition with a bullet weight of between 9 and 10 grams, the impact energy must be at least 2700 Joules (275 kg/m) at a range of 100 metres. She can now quite confidently state that Svalbard is home to approximately 22000 of the animals. Males are bigger than females and have larger antlers. The wind was fresh and the orange evening light, made the snow glow like gold. And you need dokuments for gun. The Svalbard reindeer is an endemic species (only existing in Svalbard). In 2006, 296 permits were issued, but … Svalbard Reindeer - urban and wild! EurekAlert! What happens to one species, like the reindeer, has a ripple effect on all other species. Svalbard reindeer: strong male. Description. Globally, however, Svalbard reindeer are in an enviable position. Hunting pressures exploded with an influx of miners and trappers in the late 1800s, when coal was first discovered on Svalbard. Biology: Svalbard reindeer will eat almost anything that has roots and leaves, with a few exceptions such as Arctic bell-heather (Cassiope tetragona). Perhaps the most endearing animal observed on our summer 2014 sojourn in the Arctic was the Svalbard reindeer, a subspecies of reindeer endemic to the archipelago midway between continental Norway and the North Pole. The available evidence shows an increase in Svalbard reindeer abundance following the 1925 management actions that banned hunting. The Svalbard reindeer is a subspecies of the reindeer and can only be located on Svalbard. For example, migratory caribou increased movements by nearly 30% due to changes in the freezing-thawing cycles of large water bodies in Nunavik (Canada), Côté said. ( Vrolik, 1829) The Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) is a small subspecies of reindeer found on the Svalbard archipelago of Norway. Overwintering sailing expeditions also relied on reindeer for food. That meant everyone on the boat had to help watch for shallow water and icebergs, and find places where the boat could spend the night safely. Although it has been known since the 1950s that reindeer have inhabited Svalbard for centuries, the bones and antlers tell researchers exactly where on the different islands the animals have lived over the centuries -- and how long ago they lived there. Hornsund, late August. Overwintering sailing expeditions also relied on reindeer for food. But because of their sedentary behaviour and the barriers posed by crossing glaciers, steep mountains and open fjords, this recolonization took a century. "Such large declines have never been reported since we developed the capacity to survey populations," Côté said. The icy archipelago of Svalbard is as quirky as it is beautiful. For Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), which lives in a harsh arctic environment, the main purpose of management is to protect naturally occurring populations. During their four field seasons wandering inland Svalbard to count reindeer, Le Moullec and her colleagues documented where she found ancient bones and antlers from the animals -- hundreds of them. Limited Edition This Fine Art Limited Edition photograph is only available in 30 copies (+ 1 proof-print for the photographer). The Svalbard ecosystem contains just three overwintering creatures distributed across the archipelago: the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea), Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) and the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). This includes both sedentary and migratory populations. For hunting you need dokuments. The purpose of managing Svalbard’s fauna is to preserve the native animal population as much as possible. Svalbard reindeer (bull). Miscellaneous: The size of the total population is estimated to be around 10,000 animals, thereof about 4,000 in Nordenskiöld Land, but varies from year to year. In some places, Le Moullec and her colleagues walked 30-40 kilometres a day, day after day after day, on a constant lookout for both reindeer and polar bears. The body mass of males is approximately 65 kg in spring and 90 kg in autumn, while female body mass is approximately 53 kg in spring and 70 kg in autumn. These reindeer were almost hunted to extinction in the early 1900s, but dedicated recovery programs helped them repopulate. The wild Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), which lives in the harsh archipelago of Svalbard off Norway in the Arctic Ocean, was nearly hunted to extinction in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In year yoou can kill only one reindeer. Svalbard reindeer are not domesticated and do not belong to anybody. by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system. So we started finding and collecting these ancient bones.". SVALBARD REINDEER (#110) In April 2008 Ole J Liodden found this Svalbard reindeer on the western coast of Spitsbergen. Rangifer herd size varies greatly in different geographic regions. Overwintering sailing expeditions also relied on reindeer for food. The latest estimates also show that the Svalbard reindeer now occupies its entire historical range across Svalbard; areas from where the reindeer was once wiped out by hunting … Laws and regulations are in Norwegian language only. Both sexes have antlers, but those of the males are bigger. These dates are important because they tell the researchers which parts of the archipelago were capable of supporting reindeer populations. Mathilde Le Moullec, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, Audun Stien, Jørgen Rosvold and Brage Bremset Hansen The Journal of Wildlife Management 83(8):1676-1686. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21761. Starvation during such periods and when the teeth are worn down after about ten years are the main causes of death. All turist go to hunting. They spend most of the day walking slowly over the tundra, feeding permanently, and do not pay any attention to humans to begin with. That means Santa’s sled either has to be pulled by young reindeer, … Like puppies, bunnies, babies, and so on... A place for really cute pictures and videos!. The Svalbard reindeer population was severely depleted by hunting in the early twentieth century. Then, they are typically undecided between running away and coming closer. Description: The Svalbard reindeer (or Spitsbergen reindeer) is the only reindeer species in Svalbard. In some cases, reindeer are forced to eat seaweed during the winter, when ice, caused by rain-on-snow, covers their preferred foraging areas. Mating is in October. "This study represents a counter example to the many reindeer population status assessments reporting recent local or regional declines in abundance," Le Moullec and her co-authors wrote. Nov 15, 2019 - This Pin was discovered by Kim DeFreese. Because of range expansion and increased densities, reindeer now occupy the entire available and original (according to subfossil bones) distribution range (Table 1 ; Fig. Photo book by Joe Haschek, GE - Readers’ Comments to my german books, Arctic ice and wildlife under sail with SV Antigua, Advanced Spitsbergen with Arctica II, 2019/08/04-22, North Spitsbergen with SV Antigua, 19-29 september 2019, Gallery 1: Northwest Spitsbergen - Antigua 2018, Gallery 2: Nordaustland - Spitsbergen 2018, Gallery 4: Freemansund to Sørkapp - Spitsbergen 2018, Gallery 5: Hornsund to Isfjord - Spitsbergen 2018, Spitsbergen SY Arctica II 31 July-18 August 2018, Gallery 1: Isfjord to Fair Haven - Spitsbergen 2018, Gallery 2: Liefdefjord & Woodfjord - Spitsbergen 2018, Gallery 3: Nordaustland & Hinlopen - Spitsbergen 2018, Gallery 4: Storfjorden - Spitsbergen 2018, Gallery 5: the west coast - Spitsbergen 2018, Spitsbergen SV Antigua, 11-22 September 2018, Gallery 3: From Moffen into Woodfjord, Raudford, Fuglefjord and Kobbefjord, Lofoten-Bear Island-Spitsbergen, 05/19-2017/06/02, Gallery 1: Norway (Lofoten, Vesterålen, Tromsø), Gallery 1: The west coast (1) - 06/27-2017/07/14, Gallery 2: The east coast - 06/27-2017/07/14, Gallery 3: Heleysund and Barentsøya - 06/27-2017/07/14, Gallery 4: The west coast (2) - 06/27-2017/07/14, Gallery 5: 80 degrees, Woodfjord and Liefdefjord - 06/27-2017/07/14, Gallery 6: The west coast (3) - 06/27-2017/07/14, Tromsø-Senja-Vesterålen-Lofoten 10/29–2017/11/05, Lofoten–Bear Island–Spitsbergen 2016/05/22-06/03, Photography and hiking Longyearbyen 2016/09/04-12, Gallery 3: Back in and around Longyearbyen, Gallery 1: Spitsbergen’s northwestern corner, Gallery 3: Liefdefjord → 80 degrees north, Gallery 7: The west coast, continued further south, Gallery 1: from Iceland into Scoresbysund, Gallery 4: from Rypefjord to the Bjørne Øerne, Revneset, De Geerdalen, Fridtjovbreen, Colesbukt, Hiking Nordenskiöld Land and east coast 2007, Blomstrandhalvøya: London - Marble Island, Glacier hike from Smeerenburgfjord to Magdalenefjord, Old coal cableway: curve station Skjæringa, Spitsbergen photography – equipment and tips. 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